MySQL主从复制

注：配置主从复制主机要先关闭iptables(iptables -F)。关闭之后使用mysql -uslave -hIP -ppassword 试一下能不能连接主库成功
实现原理
mysql支持单向、异步复制，复制过程中一个服务器充当主服务器，而一个或多个其它服务器充当从服务器
mysql复制基于主服务器在二进制日志中跟踪所有对数据库的更改（更新、删除等）
每个从服务器接收主服务器已经记录到其二进制日志的保存更新

实现步骤
Master将改变记录到二进制日志（binary log）中
Slave将Master的binary log enents 拷贝到它的中继日志（relay log）
Slave执行中继日志中的事件，将改变相应它自己的数据

配置主机

set global validate_password_policy=0;

vim /etc/my.cnf
添加如下内容

log-bin=mysql-bin
server-id=129 #唯一

cd /var/lib/mysql
出现mysql-bin.000001文件

主机授权从机监听日志
grant replication slave on *.* to [email protected].130 identified by 'password';

配置从机

vim /etc/my.cnf
添加以下内容

server-id = 130 #唯一
relay_log = mysql-relay-bin

mysql> stop slave;
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)

mysql> change master to
    -> master_host='192.168.153.129', #主机IP
    -> master_port=3306,#端口
    -> master_user='slave',
    -> master_password='password',
    -> master_log_file='mysql-bin.000001',#主机日志文件
    -> master_log_pos=452;
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 2 warnings (0.02 sec)

mysql> start slave;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

mysql> show slave status\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
               Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event
                  Master_Host: 192.168.153.129
                  Master_User: slave
                  Master_Port: 3306
                Connect_Retry: 60
              Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000001
          Read_Master_Log_Pos: 452
               Relay_Log_File: mysql-relay-bin.000002
                Relay_Log_Pos: 320
        Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000001
             Slave_IO_Running: Yes
            Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
              Replicate_Do_DB: 
          Replicate_Ignore_DB: 
           Replicate_Do_Table: 
       Replicate_Ignore_Table: 
      Replicate_Wild_Do_Table: 
  Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table: 
                   Last_Errno: 0
                   Last_Error: 
                 Skip_Counter: 0
          Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 452
              Relay_Log_Space: 527
              Until_Condition: None
               Until_Log_File: 
                Until_Log_Pos: 0
           Master_SSL_Allowed: No
           Master_SSL_CA_File: 
           Master_SSL_CA_Path: 
              Master_SSL_Cert: 
            Master_SSL_Cipher: 
               Master_SSL_Key: 
        Seconds_Behind_Master: 0
Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No
                Last_IO_Errno: 0
                Last_IO_Error: 
               Last_SQL_Errno: 0
               Last_SQL_Error: 
  Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids: 
             Master_Server_Id: 129
                  Master_UUID: 406cb9ad-c33a-11e7-b1ff-000c29ded369
             Master_Info_File: /var/lib/mysql/master.info
                    SQL_Delay: 0
          SQL_Remaining_Delay: NULL
      Slave_SQL_Running_State: Slave has read all relay log; waiting for more updates
           Master_Retry_Count: 86400
                  Master_Bind: 
      Last_IO_Error_Timestamp: 
     Last_SQL_Error_Timestamp: 
               Master_SSL_Crl: 
           Master_SSL_Crlpath: 
           Retrieved_Gtid_Set: 
            Executed_Gtid_Set: 
                Auto_Position: 0
         Replicate_Rewrite_DB: 
                 Channel_Name: 
           Master_TLS_Version: 
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

主从复制配置成功